By rotating the rotary encoder can be counted in the positive direction and the reverse direction during rotation of the output pulse frequency, unlike rotary potentiometer counter, which Species rotation counts are not limited. With the buttons on the rotary encoder can be reset to its initial state, that starts counting from 0.

How it works: incremental encoder is a displacement of the rotary pulse signal is converted to a series of digital rotary sensors. These pulses are used to control Angular displacement. In Eltra angular displacement encoder conversion using a photoelectric scanning principle. Reading system of alternating light transmitting window and the window is not Consisting of radial indexing plate (code wheel) rotating basis, while being an infrared light source vertical irradiation light to the code disk image onto the receiving

On the surface. Receiver is covered with a diffraction grating, which has the same code disk window width. The receiver's job is to feel the rotation of the disc Resulting changes, and change the light into corresponding electrical changes. Then the low-level signals up to a higher level, and generates no interference Square pulse, which must be processed by electronic circuits. Reading systems typically employ a differential manner, about the same but the phase difference of the two waveforms Different by 180 ° compared to the signal in order to improve the quality and stability of the output signal. Reading is then the difference between the two signals formed on the basis, Thus eliminating the interference.

Incremental encoder

Incremental encoders give two-phase square wave, the phase difference between them 90 °, often referred to as A and B channels. One of the channels is given and speed-related Information, at the same time, by sequentially comparing two channel signals, the direction of rotation of the information obtained. There is also a special signal called Z or Zero channel, which gives the absolute zero position encoder, the signal is a square wave with the center line of channel A square wave coincide.

Clockwise counterclockwise

Incremental encoder accuracy depends on the mechanical and electrical two factors, these factors are: Raster indexing error, disc eccentricity, bearing eccentricity, e-reading Several means into the optical portion of the errors and inaccuracies. Determine the encoder resolution is measured in electrical degrees, the encoder accuracy depends Set the pulse encoder generates indexing. The following electrical degrees with a 360 ° rotation of the shaft to said machine, and rotation of the shaft must be a full week of Period. To know how much electrical equivalent of the mechanical angle of 360 degrees can be calculated with the following formula: Electrical 360 = Machine 360 ° / n ° pulses / revolution

Figure: A, B commutation signals

Encoder indexing error is the electrical angle of the unit two successive pulse maximum offset to represent. Error exists in any encoder, which Is caused by the aforementioned factors. Eltra encoder maximum error is ± 25 electrical degrees (declared in any condition), equivalent to the rated Offset values ± 7%, as the phase difference 90 ° (electrical) of the two channels of the maximum deviation ± 35 electrical degrees is equal to ± 10% deviation left Ratings Right.

UVW incremental encoder signals In addition to the conventional encoder, there are some other electrical output signal with integrated incremental encoder. And UVW signals The integrated incremental encoder that instance, it is usually applied to the AC servo motor feedback. These magnetic signals generally appear in the AC servo motor Machine, UVW through the simulation of the magnetic signal is generally of the original function and design. In Eltra encoder, these optical signals are UVW Methods of generating, and three square wave form, are offset from each other 120 °. In order to facilitate starting the motor, the control of the starter motor to be To these the correct signal. The UVW poles in the machine axis rotation pulses repeated many times, because they directly depend on the connected electrical Machine number of poles, and for 6 or more pole motor UVW signal.

Example Code

int
	
	 redPin =
	
	 2
	
	;
	
	
int
	
	 yellowPin =
	
	 3
	
	;
	
	
int
	
	 greenPin =
	
	 4
	
	;
	
	
int
	
	 aPin =
	
	 6
	
	;
	
	
int
	
	 bPin =
	
	 7
	
	;
	
	
int
	
	 buttonPin =
	
	 5
	
	;
	
	
int
	
	 state =
	
	 0
	
	;
	
	
int
	
	 longPeriod =
	
	 5000
	
	;
	
	 // Time at green or red
	
	
int
	
	 shortPeriod =
	
	 700
	
	;
	
	 // Time period when changing
	
	
int
	
	 targetCount =
	
	 shortPeriod;
	
	
int
	
	 count =
	
	 0
	
	;
	
	
void
	
	 setup ()
	
	
{
	
	
  pinMode (
	
	aPin,
	
	 INPUT)
	
	;
	
	
  pinMode (
	
	bPin,
	
	 INPUT)
	
	;
	
	
  pinMode (
	
	buttonPin,
	
	 INPUT)
	
	;
	
	
  pinMode (
	
	redPin,
	
	 OUTPUT)
	
	;
	
	
  pinMode (
	
	yellowPin,
	
	 OUTPUT)
	
	;
	
	
  pinMode (
	
	greenPin,
	
	 OUTPUT)
	
	;
	
	
}
	
	
void
	
	 loop ()
	
	
{
	
	
  count++;
	
	
  if
	
	 (
	
	digitalRead (
	
	buttonPin))
	
	
  {
	
	
    setLights (
	
	HIGH,
	
	 HIGH,
	
	 HIGH)
	
	;
	
	
  }
	
	
  else
	
	
  {
	
	
    int
	
	 change =
	
	 getEncoderTurn ()
	
	;
	
	
    int
	
	 newPeriod =
	
	 longPeriod +
	
	 (
	
	change *
	
	 1000
	
	)
	
	;
	
	
    if
	
	 (
	
	newPeriod  >=
	
	 1000
	
	 &&
	
	 newPeriod <=
	
	 10000
	
	)
	
	
    {
	
	
      longPeriod =
	
	 newPeriod;
	
	
    }
	
	
    if
	
	 (
	
	count>
	
	 targetCount)
	
	
    {
	
	
      setState ()
	
	;
	
	
      count =
	
	 0
	
	;
	
	
    }
	
	
  }
	
	
  delay (
	
	1
	
	)
	
	;
	
	
}
	
	
int
	
	 getEncoderTurn ()
	
	
{
	
	
  // Return -1, 0, or +1
	
	
  static
	
	 int
	
	 oldA =
	
	 LOW;
	
	
  static
	
	 int
	
	 oldB =
	
	 LOW;
	
	
  int
	
	 result =
	
	 0
	
	;
	
	
  int
	
	 newA =
	
	 digitalRead (
	
	aPin)
	
	;
	
	
  int
	
	 newB =
	
	 digitalRead (
	
	bPin)
	
	;
	
	
  if
	
	 (
	
	newA !=
	
	 oldA ||
	
	 newB !=
	
	 oldB)
	
	
  {
	
	
    //Something has changed
	
	
    if
	
	 (
	
	oldA ==
	
	 LOW &&
	
	 newA ==
	
	 HIGH)
	
	
    {
	
	
      result =
	
	 -
	
	 (
	
	oldB *
	
	 2
	
	 -
	
	 1
	
	)
	
	;
	
	
    }
	
	
  }
	
	
  oldA =
	
	 newA;
	
	
  oldB =
	
	 newB;
	
	
  return
	
	 result;
	
	
}
	
	
int
	
	 setState ()
	
	
{
	
	
  if
	
	 (
	
	state ==
	
	 0
	
	)
	
	
  {
	
	
    setLights (
	
	HIGH,
	
	 LOW,
	
	 LOW)
	
	;
	
	
    targetCount =
	
	 longPeriod;
	
	
    state =
	
	 1
	
	;
	
	
  }
	
	
  else
	
	 if
	
	 (
	
	state ==
	
	 1
	
	)
	
	
  {
	
	
    setLights (
	
	HIGH,
	
	 HIGH,
	
	 LOW)
	
	;
	
	
    targetCount =
	
	 shortPeriod;
	
	
    state =
	
	 2
	
	;
	
	
  }
	
	
  else
	
	 if
	
	 (
	
	state ==
	
	 2
	
	)
	
	
  {
	
	
    setLights (
	
	LOW,
	
	 LOW,
	
	 HIGH)
	
	;
	
	
    targetCount =
	
	 longPeriod;
	
	
    state =
	
	 3
	
	;
	
	
  }
	
	
  else
	
	 if
	
	 (
	
	state ==
	
	 3
	
	)
	
	
  {
	
	
    setLights (
	
	LOW,
	
	 HIGH,
	
	 LOW)
	
	;
	
	
    targetCount =
	
	 shortPeriod;
	
	
    state =
	
	 0
	
	;
	
	
  }
	
	
}
	
	
void
	
	 setLights (
	
	int
	
	 red,
	
	 int
	
	 yellow,
	
	 int
	
	 green)
	
	
{
	
	
  digitalWrite (
	
	redPin,
	
	 red)
	
	;
	
	
  digitalWrite (
	
	yellowPin,
	
	 yellow)
	
	;
	
	
  digitalWrite (
	
	greenPin,
	
	 green)
	
	;
	
	
}